modified mercalli intensity scale simulator

Rating earthquakes helps engineers determine which ones are going to cause the most damage so they can warn people in advance. and Fumal, T.E. Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. The 12-point Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes how an earthquake is felt and the damage that it Black stars are the locations of past earthquakes whereas the ground shaking intensities are illustrated in terms of gradual color of the MMI scale. A modified version of his scale is still in use today. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. called the Moment Magnitude Scale, which measures the (Ganse, Robert A., John B. Nelson, 1981). If time permits, have the students write a sentence on the bottom of each page describing the illustration. map for the M6.0 Napa, California earthquake on Hanging objects swing. Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. Brown, J.C. and Leicester, P. (1933) The Pyu earthquake of 3rd and 4th December, 1930 and subsequent Burma earthquakes up to January 1932. Teachers Association. Biloxi, MS: "No damage was reported from last night's slight tremor, though chandeliers in a few of the city's old mansions swayed slightly. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). It describes the damage left by an earthquake, not the actual force of the earthquake. Homepege, http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html. can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale, video from Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, Check out 7 similar earth and weather calculators , Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. 438483. Motions up to an intensity VIII+ in the MM Scale can be. Furthermore, earthquake intensity, or strength, is distinct from earthquake magnitude, which is a measure of the amplitude, or size, of seismic waves as specified by a seismograph reading. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Modified Mercalli Scale An official website of the United States government. Information, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Earthquakes Layer, Information Earthquake Intensity - Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale. Earthquake Intensity Copyright http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg. This is a web site through which Boore, D.M., Joyner, W.B. Ground badly cracked. Steering of automobiles affected. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami. shaking. Modified Mercallit (MM) Scale Primary wave (P wave) Richter, Charles Francis (19001985) Secondary wave (S wave) Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards Tectonic Tremor Bibliography Arias, A., 1970. Quality, Department <> to the size of seismic waves produced during a quake. Empirical relationships between the macroseismic intensity and the groundmotion parameters (peak ground acceleration [PGA], peak ground velocity [PGV]) for western China are derived in this study. Liquids are disturbed, some spilled. Earthquakes aren't the only phenomena whose magnitudes are expressed using a logarithmic scale this is also the case for cyclones. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and. the amount of movement or energy released. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. Decayed pilings broken off. May feel like heavy truck passing by. There are many ways that we can rate events that occur during everyday life. Isoseismal maps of the ten earthquakes reported in Myanmar and neighboring areas during 1912-2006 AD. That's because the first approximations are based on body-wave and surface-wave scales, as the calculation of the moment magnitude is more complicated. If there were complete symmetry about the vertical through the earthquakes focus, isoseismals would be circles with the epicentre (the point at the surface of the Earth immediately above where the earthquake originated) as the centre. xX\vEV^-dwO2V\0~lY0YjcP_GZs)Ehm^$YE_I WxuqU]`hN!pm\>(T[}`2_dSVt!D:,^NN`u! Objects thrown into air. Trees shake. In the article below, you'll learn about the different measures of an earthquake: from the famous Richter scale to the currently used moment magnitude scale and Mercalli scale, which is an intensity scale describing the effects of the phenomenon. exist. Le Dain, A.Y., Tapponnier, P. and Molnar, P. (1984) Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions. 9 Based on this relationship, approximately, what is the magnitude of this earthquake. Please understand that by attending and participating you are granting IU permission to use your image in photographs and videos to promote Science Fest and other outreach activities in the future. What to do during an earthquake? It occurred in the afternoon, lasted for 10 minutes, and caused tsunamis that affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the Aleutian Islands. List some famous earthquakes and their Richter Scale measurements. and damage. Doors swing, open, close. Single copies of this publication may be obtained Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? In case of the Tounggyi earthquake, the MMI is in the range of V-IX within the area covering approximately 500 km from the earthquake location [7]. may shake. 790 E. Kirkwood Avenue III. severe damage to poorly built structures. Masks are expected for indoor activities. Shabestari, K.T. Avoid buildings, trees, power lines, and signs if you can. The scale now generally employed in North America is the Mercalli scale, as modified by Harry O. 5), Analyze and interpret data identifying ways Earth's surface is constantly changing through a variety of processes and forces such as plate tectonics, erosion, deposition, solar influences, climate, and human activity What Should I Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake? Thus, for the reduction of earthquake hazards in Myanmar, earthquake hazard situations should be realized and the standard building code should be modified accordingly to withstand such ground movement. II. the maps scale of 100 km = 2.1 cm on your ruler, so if you had a measured distance from one station of If students are having difficulty brainstorming drawings for the different levels of the Mercalli Scale, have them brainstorm ideas with their partner or as a group. Marginal and long-period effects of large earthquakes. The earthquake magnitude you hear just after the phenomenon has occurred may differ from the final, official values provided later (up to 0.5). and Brady, A.G. (1975) On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion. A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, This offers the possibility of transforming readily observed intensity data into widely used engineering ground-motion characteristics and to rapidly assess the severity of ground shaking [1]. political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each earthquake. Pendulum clocks may stop. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | UPSeis | Michigan Tech Do you agree with this alignment? The methodology is simple. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok. Depending on where you are, different recommendations exist: Stay there! z/76 E1(S=C50R6*C?dzy}5n`u%]|QJ. Considerable damage to ordinary buildings, severe damage to poorly built structures. Thus, in contrast to the Richter Magnitude scale, which assigns a single value to represent the overall size of an earthquake, the intensity values for a given quake range from site to site. A 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. Understand how a community could use the Mercalli Scale. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 42, 1-140. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. fz9TqUU*W#&8| ^17'tJ@1J-aNWjz0 `&n-SK3W Iw{8 /. Suggest a house or building that has been damaged by an earthquake or a picture of the Earth shaking. Some walls may fall. The JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) scale from 1 to 7 is used in Japan and Taiwan. Subpages of this template. It is common to find intensities ranging by 1 unit in a neighbourhood, and not unusual to find values 2 or more. As such, the main goals of the study are: 1) to gather the macroseismic intensity data that has been previously reported for the Myanmar region and adjacent areas; and 2) to correlate this and contribute the relationship between the felt intensity information and the engineering ground-motion parameter as the PGA. Duration can be estimated. Here is a photograph of Giuseppe Mercalli, the inventor of Pictures fall off walls. Rails bent greatly. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. May feel like a heavy truck passing by. where Y is the PGA which is in g unit (1 g = 981 cm/s2), M is the moment magnitude (Mw), R is the source-to-site distance (km), for randomly-oriented horizontal component (or geometrical mean) b1 = 0.105, b2 = 0.229, b3 = 0, b4 = 0, b5 = 0.778, b6 = 0.162, b7 = 0.251, GB = 1, and GC = 0. To protect people from the force of earthquakes, they continually improve the methods used to predict and rate (or score) earthquakes. WebThe most commonly used earthquake intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale. Total damage. The Modified Mercalli Intensity value assigned to a specific site after an earthquake has a more meaningful measure of severity to the nonscientist than the magnitude because intensity refers to the effects actually experienced at that place. EARTHQUAKE! Part 3 Science Fest Understand the difference between the Richter Scale and the Mercalli Scale for rating earthquakes (a scale that uses instruments and a scale that uses human observation, respectively). The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. From Figure 2, it is revealed that the series of MMIPGA calibration vary in individual MMI range. Practically for each MMI level, there is more than one value or the source-to-site-distances (i.e., the MMI boundary is not a perfect circle), and consequently the average distance was used. Miraculously, because of the late hour, no one was hurt by the crashing tower. (ed. Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. What does it measure? ", 9. Modified Mercalli Intensity - SLU the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale From a scientific standpoint, the magnitude scale is based on seismic records while the Mercalli is based on observable data which can be subjective. Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. Earthquake Intensity It is a 12-point scale, ranging from sites that experience barely perceptible vibration (MM I) to those that experience total devastation (MM XII). Charles Richter developed the logarithmic scale in 1935 to compare local earthquakes the ones in southern California with an epicenter of up to 370 miles (600 km) from the seismograph. Also, it's essential to make sure that you know what to do during an earthquake before you're caught in one. While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable This is a public event. This scale is composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity based If you prefer, click on the map for desired Neumann, F. (1954) Earthquake intensity and related ground motion. Let's assume that you remember an earthquake a couple of years ago, which has a magnitude of 7.1. WebModified Mercalli Intensity Scale CREDIT: Northern Illinois University Earthquake magnitude measures the strength of an earthquake, or the amount of energy that is released. That's why you can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale although the released energy, local geology, terrain, depth of an earthquake and distance from the epicenter are all still the same. In this study, all macroseismic intensity data are taken from previous publications of isoseismal maps ranked with respect to the MMI scale. Modified Mercalli Scale Intensity - MercalliXII endobj ", 21. creative classroom activity to illustrate earthquake intensity can pages, email and other written documents. Tell students to draw a picture having to do with an earthquake or the Mercalli Scale. A strong groundmotion database including 34 moderate to large earthquakes is used along with the corresponding modified Mercalli Magnitude scales, like the moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. above, whereas two earthquakes were located in the southern and northern parts of Thailand. With this earthquake calculator, you can estimate the energy release of an earthquake. This method of obtaining data is not enough for the numerical analysis of seismic hazards and in particular is not sufficient for engineering purposes [3]. Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences. Thanks for your feedback! and linked to the related tsunami event or significant volcanic eruption. However, it is recognized that there is a significant level of uncertainty in estimating ground motions (i.e., PGA) from the existing isoseismal maps by this process. Grey thin lines illustrate the earthquake faults based on Bender et al. Detailed Description. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. WebThe above documentation is transcluded from Template:MMI/doc. DYFI Scientific Background - USGS [14]. Poplar Bluff, MO: "Even commuters driving to work felt the severe quake", 24. Evansville, IN: "The smokestack of the Sterling Brewery collapsed in downtown Evansville. Numerous intensity scales have been developed over the last several hundred years. EARTHQUAKE SIMULATOR - APOLO11.COM Wide cracks in Log in or create an account to manage your custom schedule. Proceedings of the 5th World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, 13-18 January 1969. Ground cracked noticeably. You may want to check this video from Pacific Tsunami Warning Center illustrating the incredible differences between different historical earthquakes. Description of Source: The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog In comparison with these, the MMI-PGA relationship for Myanmar reported here illustrates that in the same engineering ground-motion level, that is the same PGA level, the MMI of Myanmar is reported at a lower level than those for the other region until level V. Figure 2. At each location assign catalogs, post-event reconnaissance reports, journal articles, newspapers, internet Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. endobj Springfield, MO: "Doors and windows rattled, but no damage reported.". We can use scales, rubrics, points, letter and numbers to show the level of something. (1958) Elementary seismology. ", 23. Figure 1, Table 1, Figure 1. Earth, Planets and Space, 61, 1313-1325. Felt by nearly everyone. ", 12. Get to an open space if possible. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS), DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, However, today seismologists more commonly rely on what is Can you think of any examples? Lexington, KY: "Mama Leone's Restaurant reported that several plates and dishes fell off of their shelves and broke. Table 1. Considerable damage to poorly built structures. 3 0 obj Do you agree with this alignment? Earth Homepage | UCMP Indicate the intensity values on the map. Using one arm, cover your head and neck. Considerable damage to ordinary buildings, Lines of sight and level distorted. Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors. The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education, and National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. WebFirst, measure the scale on the map in Figure 13.13 in centimeters, and use that to convert your distances in kilometers to centimeters (ex. Warning, earthquake! There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. Earthquake Magnitude, Energy Release, and Shaking Intensity Little damage in specially built structures. ", 8. Serious damage. (Grade 4), Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. WebModified Mercalli Intensity Scale Instrumental: detected only by instruments Very feeble: noticed only by people at rest Slight: felt by people at rest Like passing of a truck Vil Vill x Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. Maximum intensity normally occurs near the earthquake epicentre, with intensity values then decreasing with distance. Photographs will be taken throughout the day. Measuring Earthquakes: Intensity and Magnitude - QUEST - KQED Tremor Troop Earthquakes, Federal Emergency Management The Modified Mercalli Scale measures the amount of shaking at a particular location. An important piece of information to keep in mind is that the magnitude scale is logarithmic. In other words, it is comparing amplitudes of waves on a seismogram, not the strength, or energy, of the quakes, according to USGS. (1988) Intensity-related earthquake ground motion. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out. There are many ways of protecting buildings from earthquakes, such as friction pendulums you can read about them in the article accompanying the damping ratio calculator. any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the Considerable damage Underground pipelines completely out of service. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, and so on. XII. The Mercalli Scale uses human observation to assess damage from an earthquake, while a Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. This The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such Chicago, IL: "Many residents of the Windy City reported a strong tremor last night; some sleepers were awakened by what they described as 'a loud, crashing sound. Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration To calculate the moment magnitude, seismologists need to know the seismic moment, M0M_0M0: The seismic moment is found by multiplication of three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip: \mu Shear modulus of the rocks (dyne/cm2), which is the rock's resistance to bending (rock rigidity). Underground pipes broken. ground. effects. (Grade Large landslides. and Damage. Usually (but not always) the highest intensities are Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Circle skirt calculator makes sewing circle skirts a breeze. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale - A copy of the Bloomington, IN 47405-7101 WebFrom the result of this regression ( Figure 2 ), it appears that there is a slight trend of MMI to be a linear function in relationship to the, which can represented by Equation (2) with a standard deviation of 0.33. Alternative scales have been developed in both Japan and Europe for local conditions. The one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale developed in 1931. stream WebA 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. How much bigger was it? The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | U.S. Geological Survey WebThe database provides information on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and Also, by typing "1" into any field in the "Energy release equivalent" section, you can check what's the equivalent magnitude for a chosen energy release event for example, one Nagasaki bomb released the energy of a 6.1 magnitude earthquake! [4]. However, in practice, a physically based ground-motion measure is needed particularly for engineering purposes. Union of Burma Journal of Science and Technology, 1, 241-251. Wide cracks in ground. the USGA can use the Mercalli Scale of Intensity to map out ground Historical documents indicate that a severe earthquake occurred somewhere in the Midwest, and the effects were felt over a wide area. Therefore, the seismic building code of Myanmar should be modified in order to reduce future hazards arising from earthquakes. Freeman, San Francisco, 768. Both of these were generated by the Ranong [9] and Mae Tha [11] Fault Zones, which represent the MMI characteristics in the southern and eastern part of Myanmar, respectively. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! To calculate the amount of released energy from an earthquake, we've implemented Gutenberg and Richter's equation in this earthquake calculator: The most powerful earthquake ever recorded happened in Chile in 1960. Earthquake Calculator. Strength Comparison Wood and F. Neumann in the 1930s. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. Louisville, KY: "The Captain's Restaurant reported $3000 damage due to broken china and glassware.
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